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Activity : Études pour les adhérents

Description : The industrial sector accounts for approximately 20% of French energy consumption. Most of this energy consumed, i.e. 435 TWh according to INSEE in 2018, is transformed into heat, with massive losses in its use. As well as being at the heart of the decarbonisation challenge, the issue of waste heat is also proving to be a real lever for industrial competitiveness, against a backdrop of structurally rising energy prices.

To carry out this study, the method chosen was to rely on feedback from the field, to get as close as possible to the people who operate the facilities, design them and make the operational decisions about the relevance of the projects. Around fifteen interviews were conducted with manufacturers, design offices and trade unions.

This report is divided into 3 parts:

• The first part of this report summarises the numerous publications on the subject of waste heat since 2017,
• The second part presents feedback from waste heat recovery projects identified during the study, some of which were the subject of a site visit.
• The final section sets out the recommendations arising from the interviews, site visits, the experience of the authors and the discussions and exchanges that took place during the course of the study

Finally, this study puts forward a number of recommendations based on three major themes, a summary of which is presented in the executive summary.

Areas of expertise : Decarbonisation at a glance

Activity : Études pour les adhérents

Description : Companies are seeking to reduce their environmental impact, in particular by cutting their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This drive is supported by the objectives
set by France as part of the National Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC), of -81% of GHG emissions for the industrial sector. One of the main levers for action is work on manufacturing processes.

This study focuses on the decarbonisation of drying and baking processes, for which three types of solution are being studied: energy efficiency, electrification and renewable and recovered energy.

The aim of the study is to examine the application of these different decarbonisation solutions in three application cases and to compare the results up to 2050 from an energy, economic and environmental point of view.

The applications studied are the drying and firing of roof tiles, the drying and polymerisation of a powder paint line, and the kilning of barley malt.

The study shows that all these solutions offer significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. To go further in reducing GHG emissions linked to certain processes or in certain specific cases, CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage) solutions may prove necessary.

Areas of expertise : Decarbonisation at a glance

Activity : Études pour les adhérents

Description : Digital technology offers many opportunities to improve industrial competitiveness, particularly in terms of energy efficiency. In this context, ALLICE previous study on the benefits of Big Data Analytics highlighted the advantages that industrial maintenance services can draw from it, particularly through predictive maintenance.

By monitoring degradations, predictive maintenance allows to optimize the functioning of industrial installations and consequently to improve their energy performance.

This state of art is divided in three parts :

• Maintenance objectives
• Maintenance terminologies
• Implementation of predictive maintenance

Areas of expertise : Digital transition

Activity : Études pour les adhérents

Description : The objective of the study is to detail the current state-of-the-art of ventilation solutions, with emphasis on the energy performance of the systems. This study focuses on the industry, in particular the industrial premises in which are present manufacturing processes likely to emit specific pollutants.

The main function of a ventilation system is to ensure the sanitation of working environments and the treatment of pollutants emitted before they are released into the atmosphere, in compliance
with the regulations. A ventilation system is made up of different components which generate a significant energy consumption for the industry.

The review of the abundant existing literature on ventilation has shown that this sanitation function is dealt with through best practice guides and rules of the art. Conversely, few works
specifically concern the energy efficiency of ventilation systems.

Therefore, the present state-of-the-art aims at reviewing each component of a ventilation system from an energy efficiency point of view: the collection device, the transport network, the depollution device, the regulation and finally the fan.

Areas of expertise : Energy Efficiency

Activity : Études pour les adhérents

Description : This study dedicated to the potential integration of solar heat energy in industrial processes aims to provide a first level of information on the technical and economic feasibility of these solutions.

At the global level, heat consumption for industry represents nearly 24% of final energy consumption, all uses combined, and all energy carriers combined. This corresponds to nearly 24,000 TWh. By distinguishing the temperature levels, it is possible to consider solar heat technologies that could provide part of the supply for this energy consumption.

The study is composed of 4 parts: 

• The first part is dedicated to a state-of-the-art of solar heat technologies (collectors, storage, and operating principle) that can be used to supply heat for industrial processes. Thermal storage technologies, which are rarely dissociable from solar collectors, are also discussed.
• The second part deals with the methodology required to integrate solar heat.
• The third part is dedicated to the economic aspects.
• The fourth part presents four detailed projects sheets allow to discover solar heat installations integrated to industrial processes. They illustrate the diversity of solutions that can be implemented to meet different objectives.

In summary, this study found:

• The need to conduct detailed energy analyses to promote the integration of solar heat energy and to use the most appropriate technology,
• The diversity of solutions address a large part of the industry's low and medium temperature heating needs, depending on their level of maturity,
• The competitiveness of the cost of solar heat compared to conventional solutions and especially their insensitivity to changes in the energy market, given their very limited operating costs,
• An environmental impact 10 to 20 times lower than natural gas. 

Areas of expertise : Integration of alternative energies

Activity : Études pour les adhérents

Description : To achieve the carbon neutrality in 2050, CO2 capture and storage (CCS) solutions will be necessary. This study focuses on the potential for creating CCU hubs, structures that bring together CO2 emitting and consuming industries, in order to improve the cost-effectiveness of the solutions deployed.

Several conclusions were drawn from the study :

• CCU remains a partial tool for decarbonization
• The study has shown the relevance of CCU hubs with regards to the need of reducing residual CO2 emissions, even if these solutions also present technical, economic and environmental challenges:
• A wide variety of CCU hub profiles was identified during the geographical analysis
• Depending on their uses, the hubs whose development will be favored in the short term will be those focused on "mineralization" use; hubs with "e-fuels" use and organic synthesis will be developed in the longer term.
• As the hub approach presents specific risks, it is necessary to find adapted business models to control them.

Areas of expertise : Decarbonisation at a glance

Activity : Études pour les adhérents

Description : Energy prices significantly increased since the end of 2021. Prospective scenarios from various organizations, conducted prior to the current geopolitical crisis, also predict a long-term upward trend for natural gas, coal and oil.

This study compares production costs between 2020 and 2030 for five industrial sectors with different energy price trajectories. To mitigate these effects, several solutions exist today.

This report focuses on the following six options:

• Flexibility solutions
• Energy efficiency actions
• PPA / GPA contracts
• Self-consumption
• Local energy communities
• Green energy supply contracts

Several criteria were considered in order to evaluate their relevance.

Areas of expertise : Business models and financing

Activity : Études pour les adhérents

Description : This state of the art conducted by ALLICE aims at studying the technologies available to industries to convert industrial waste heat into electricity, when there is no possibility to recover it in direct form.

It lists the different technologies available, studies their advantages and disadvantages and draws up a summary table.

Each technology has preferred uses and sectors depending on the level of available waste heat and the desired electrical power.

Areas of expertise : Integration of alternative energies

Activity : Animation de la filière

Description :

Areas of expertise : Integration of alternative energies

Activity : Animation de la filière

Description :

Areas of expertise : Integration of alternative energies